Mapping and classification of direct flood impacts in the complex conditions of an urban environment. The case study of the 2014 flood in Athens,Greece

Urban flooding is a gradually increasing problem as the urban population expands into floodplains. In urban environments, flood vulnerability is significantly increased as a more concentrated population and assets makes flooding costly and challenging, in terms of impact estimation. This work focuses on mapping and classifying impacts after the catastrophic 2014 flood in Athens, Greece. The study proposes a method for classifying flood effects into four categories including: the natural and built environment, mobile objects and human population, organized in five classes of increasing severity, i.e. minor, weak, moderate, strong and extreme. Flood effects are grouped based on the qualitative nature of the recorded effects, allowing the development of an impact-severity map. Mapping of the 2014 flood effects indicated specific locations where the severity of impacts was distinctively higher than others, providing a holistic overview of the flood’s effects and highlighting the usefulness of the approach in future flood protection planning.     

基于AHP和GIS的吕梁地区小流域山洪灾害风险区划

为准确评价山西省吕梁地区石楼县的山洪灾害风险,从山洪灾害的形成条件和流域基本情况出发,选取降雨、地形、河流水系和历史洪水四个因子为危险性评价指标;选取人口密度、耕地面积百分比和单位面积生产总值三个因子为易损性评价指标。利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标权重,并依托ArcGIS空间分析叠加功能得到石楼县山洪灾害危险性分布图、石楼县山洪灾害易损性分布图以及石楼县山洪灾害风险分布图。结果表明,石楼县山洪灾害风险系数最小值为0.002,最大值为0.568。低风险、中低风险、中等风险和高风险等级面积占全县面积比例分别为18.21%、26.33%、26.08%、29.38%。分析结果可为同类小流域的山洪灾害风险区划提供参考,也可为有关部门防洪减灾提供依据。     

水电站施工度汛方案优化设计分析

随着经济的发展以及社会的进步,水电站在我国正逐渐得到越来越广泛的应用,在水电站的施工过程中,常常会遇到各种难以预料的情形,这就需要在设计方案的时候根据实际工作中的经验以及通过科学分析等方式得出的可能出现的状况进行种种提前的处理及解决方案。水电站的施工质量之所以需要得到严格把控,因为其质量对于水电站的功能能不能得到最大程度的发挥起着决定性的作用。正是因为上述原因,对于水电站施工必须层层把关,严格按照相关标准来进行,这样才能使得水电站工程的质量以及功能得到有效的保障与实施。本文对水电站施工过程中可能出现的与度汛有关的情形做了相关的总结,并结合实际经验根据度汛方案进行了一定的分析与探讨,希望能对实践起到一定的作用。     

场所和记忆--西班牙麦地那扎哈拉博物馆

文章介绍了涅托与索贝亚诺事务所在西班牙南部麦地那扎哈拉宫殿遗址旁边建造的博物馆，指出建筑师通过对场所内涵的分析与联想，运用几何元素与逻辑将光、空间、材料变成联系历史与现在的元素，让建筑成为记忆的载体。     

青岛四方路里院街区景观环境的保护及更新策略

青岛四方路里院历史街区是现今保存较为完整的里院街区,具有极其重要的建筑、艺术、历史价值。但是随着城市建设的发展,四方路里院街区正在逐渐消逝,亟需保护。通过对四方路里院街区的物质及非物质景观环境的研究,以求四方路里院街区建筑的重生和建筑文脉的延续。     

GIS技术在城市防洪排涝中的应用分析

随着城镇化进程不断加快以及气候变暖带来的极端气候变化,部分城市接连遭受大型洪涝灾害。暴雨洪涝在引起媒体与公众普遍关注的同时,也给城市管理部门的防御和对策研究带来了新的难题。GIS技术在空间信息分析上的广泛应用为城市应对汛期洪涝灾害提供了新方法和新思路。     

基于县域的黑龙江省山洪灾害风险区划

为分析黑龙江省的山洪灾害风险区划情况，基于GIS技术，利用研究区基础地理数据和该区域各地市/县统计资料，在深入分析研究山洪灾害成因与时空分布特征的基础上，对该区域各区县山洪灾害风险进行区划，得到各区县的风险等级，然后根据历史滑坡点和当地的实际情况对风险区划进行验证。结果表明，分析结果与实际情况吻合，可作为区域山洪防治工作的参考依据。     

A real-time probabilistic channel flood-forecasting model based on the Bayesian particle filter approach

Reliable real-time probabilistic flood forecasting is critical for effective water management and flood protection all over the world. In this study, we develop a real-time probabilistic channel flood-forecasting model by combining a channel hydraulic model with the Bayesian particle filter approach. The new model is tested in the upstream river reach of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on the Yangtze River, China. Stage observations at seven hydrological stations are used simultaneously to adjust the Manning's roughness coefficients and to update discharges and stages along the river reach to attain reliable probabilistic flood forecasting. The synthetic experiments are applied to demonstrate the new model's correction and forecasting performances. The real-world experiments show that the new model can make accurate flood forecasting as well as derive reliable intervals for different confidence levels. The new probabilistic flood forecasting model not only outperforms the existing deterministic channel flood-forecasting models in accuracy, but also provides a more robust tool with which to incorporate uncertainty into flood-control efforts.     

基于泥沙冲淤数值模拟的水库调度方案研究

以东台子水库为研究对象,基于一维不饱和全沙数值模型,研究蓄洪运用方案、蓄洪排沙运行方案、分阶段蓄洪运用方案、蓄清排浑运用方案等四种水库调度方式下的泥沙淤积情况,力图在兴利防洪的基础上尽量利用弃水排沙,保持有效库容。对不同运行年限的淤积量、水库库容变化和排沙比等要素的模拟研究表明,分阶段蓄洪运用或蓄清排浑运用方案更有利于保持有效库容,对延长水库使用寿命具有一定作用,是较优的水库排沙优化调度方案。